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Artigo científico · 2025

The Overlooked Nucleocapsid Response: A Cohort Study of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Brazil

AutoriaDE OLIVEIRA, FÁTIMA DE CÁSSIA E.; PINTO, A. C. M. D.; SILVA, M. F. S.; GARCIA, M. M. L.; FERNANDES, M. C. R.; DAMASCENO, G. A.; MELO, A. C. L.; MATSUI, T. C.; SOUZA, T. F. G.; SEVERINO, F. G.; REIS, V. A. S.; PASSAES, C.; ARAUJO, F. M. C.; ANDRADE, L. O. M.; FONSECA, MARCELA H. G.

SARS-CoV-2 has caused global disruptions, prompting studies on immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, particularly antibodies against the Spike (S) protein. However, responses to the Nucleocapsid (N) protein remain less explored. This study evaluated whether CoronaVac induces anti-N antibodies, and analyzed antibody dynamics Ver mais

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International summary

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 has caused global disruptions, prompting studies on immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, particularly antibodies against the Spike (S) protein. However, responses to the Nucleocapsid (N) protein remain less explored. This study evaluated whether CoronaVac induces anti-N antibodies, and analyzed antibody dynamics after a BNT162b2 booster, given that CoronaVac targets both S and N proteins, while BNT162b2 targets only the S protein. Serum samples were collected at multiple intervals post-vaccination. The percentage of participants with positive anti-N antibodies increased from 40.26% to 62.09% after two doses of CoronaVac, but declined over time, reaching 29.07% and 18.87% after the second and third doses, respectively. However, seropositivity rose to 43.48% three months after the booster. Anti-S antibody levels peaked at 31,394 AU/mL after the booster, compared to 723.4 AU/mL after the first dose. These findings indicate that CoronaVac stimulates antibody responses against both S and N proteins. Monitoring antibody dynamics is crucial for optimizing vaccination strategies, particularly for high-risk populations, to help control COVID-19.

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Referência da publicação original

ABNT (NBR 6023)

DE OLIVEIRA, FÁTIMA DE CÁSSIA E.; et al. The Overlooked Nucleocapsid Response: A Cohort Study of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Brazil. PATHOGENS, [s. l.], v. 14, n. 5, p. 445, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050445. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050445. Acesso em: 5 de outubro de 2026.

LaTeX / BibTeX

@article{e2025theoverlookednucleocapsid,
  author = {DE OLIVEIRA, FÁTIMA DE CÁSSIA E. and PINTO, A. C. M. D. and SILVA, M. F. S. and GARCIA, M. M. L. and FERNANDES, M. C. R. and DAMASCENO, G. A. and MELO, A. C. L. and MATSUI, T. C. and SOUZA, T. F. G. and SEVERINO, F. G. and REIS, V. A. S. and PASSAES, C. and ARAUJO, F. M. C. and ANDRADE, L. O. M. and FONSECA, MARCELA H. G.},
  title = {The Overlooked Nucleocapsid Response: A Cohort Study of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Brazil},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {PATHOGENS},
  volume = {14},
  number = {5},
  pages = {445},
  doi = {10.3390/pathogens14050445},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050445}
}

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